Docker 安装 MySQL

Docker 安装 MySQL

方法一、docker pull mysql

查找Docker Hub上的mysql镜像

test@docker:/mysql$ docker search mysql
NAME                             DESCRIPTION                                                      STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...        2529      [OK]       
mysql/mysql-server        Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Crea...    161                  [OK]
centurylink/mysql          Image containing mysql. Optimized to be li...        45                   [OK]
sameersbn/mysql                                                                                       36                   [OK]
google/mysql                 MySQL server for Google Compute Engine               16                   [OK]
appcontainers/mysql      Centos/Debian Based Customizable MySQL Con...   8                    [OK]
marvambass/mysql         MySQL Server based on Ubuntu 14.04                     6                    [OK]
drupaldocker/mysql        MySQL for Drupal                                                  2                    [OK]
azukiapp/mysql              Docker image to run MySQL by Azuki - http:...       2                    [OK]
...

这里我们拉取官方的镜像,标签为5.6

test@docker:~/mysql$ docker pull mysql:5.6

等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为mysql,标签为5.6的镜像。

test@docker:~/mysql$ docker images |grep mysql
mysql               5.6                 2c0964ec182a        3 weeks ago         329 MB

方法二、通过 Dockerfile构建

创建Dockerfile

首先，创建目录mysql,用于存放后面的相关东西。

test@docker:~$ mkdir -p ~/mysql/data ~/mysql/logs ~/mysql/conf

data目录将映射为mysql容器配置的数据文件存放路径
logs目录将映射为mysql容器的日志目录
conf目录里的配置文件将映射为mysql容器的配置文件

进入创建的mysql目录，创建Dockerfile

FROM debian:jessie
# add our user and group first to make sure their IDs get assigned consistently, regardless of whatever dependencies get added
RUN groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql mysql
# add gosu for easy step-down from root
ENV GOSU_VERSION 1.7
RUN set -x \
    && apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates wget && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
    && wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$(dpkg --print-architecture)" \
    && wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$(dpkg --print-architecture).asc" \
    && export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)" \
    && gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys B42F6819007F00F88E364FD4036A9C25BF357DD4 \
    && gpg --batch --verify /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc /usr/local/bin/gosu \
    && rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc \
    && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gosu \
    && gosu nobody true \
    && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove ca-certificates wget
RUN mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
# FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db:
# File::Basename
# File::Copy
# Sys::Hostname
# Data::Dumper
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y perl pwgen --no-install-recommends && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
# gpg: key 5072E1F5: public key "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" imported
RUN apt-key adv --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys A4A9406876FCBD3C456770C88C718D3B5072E1F5
ENV MYSQL_MAJOR 5.6
ENV MYSQL_VERSION 5.6.31-1debian8
RUN echo "deb http://repo.mysql.com/apt/debian/ jessie mysql-${MYSQL_MAJOR}" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mysql.list
# the "/var/lib/mysql" stuff here is because the mysql-server postinst doesn't have an explicit way to disable the mysql_install_db codepath besides having a database already "configured" (ie, stuff in /var/lib/mysql/mysql)
# also, we set debconf keys to make APT a little quieter
RUN { \
        echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/data-dir select ''; \
        echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/root-pass password ''; \
        echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/re-root-pass password ''; \
        echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/remove-test-db select false; \
    } | debconf-set-selections \
    && apt-get update && apt-get install -y mysql-server="${MYSQL_VERSION}" && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/mysql && mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld \
    && chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld \
# ensure that /var/run/mysqld (used for socket and lock files) is writable regardless of the UID our mysqld instance ends up having at runtime
    && chmod 777 /var/run/mysqld
# comment out a few problematic configuration values
# don't reverse lookup hostnames, they are usually another container
RUN sed -Ei 's/^(bind-address|log)/#&/' /etc/mysql/my.cnf \
    && echo 'skip-host-cache\nskip-name-resolve' | awk '{ print } $1 == "[mysqld]" && c == 0 { c = 1; system("cat") }' /etc/mysql/my.cnf > /tmp/my.cnf \
    && mv /tmp/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
VOLUME /var/lib/mysql
COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/
RUN ln -s usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh # backwards compat
ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]
EXPOSE 3306
CMD ["mysqld"]

通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字

test@docker:~/mysql$ docker build -t mysql .

创建完成后，我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像

test@docker:~/mysql$ docker images |grep mysql
mysql               5.6                 2c0964ec182a        3 weeks ago         329 MB

使用mysql镜像

运行容器

test@docker:~/mysql$ docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mymysql -v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v $PWD/logs:/logs -v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.6
21cb89213c93d805c5bacf1028a0da7b5c5852761ba81327e6b99bb3ea89930e
test@docker:~/mysql$

命令说明：

-p 3306:3306：将容器的 3306 端口映射到主机的 3306 端口。
-v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d：将主机当前目录下的 conf/my.cnf 挂载到容器的 /etc/mysql/my.cnf。
-v $PWD/logs:/logs：将主机当前目录下的 logs 目录挂载到容器的 /logs。
-v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql ：将主机当前目录下的data目录挂载到容器的 /var/lib/mysql 。
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456：初始化 root 用户的密码。

查看容器启动情况

test@docker:~/mysql$ docker ps 
CONTAINER ID    IMAGE          COMMAND                     ...  PORTS                            NAMES
21cb89213c93    mysql:5.6    "docker-entrypoint.sh"    ...  0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   mymysql

MySQL(5.7.19)的docker镜像

最新官方MySQL(5.7.19)的docker镜像在创建时映射的配置文件目录有所不同，在此记录并分享给大家：

官方原文：

The MySQL startup configuration is specified in the file /etc/mysql/my.cnf, and that file in turn includes any files found in the /etc/mysql/conf.d directory that end with .cnf. Settings in files in this directory will augment and/or override settings in /etc/mysql/my.cnf. If you want to use a customized MySQL configuration, you can create your alternative configuration file in a directory on the host machine and then mount that directory location as /etc/mysql/conf.d inside the mysql container.

大概意思是说：

MySQL(5.7.19)的默认配置文件是 /etc/mysql/my.cnf 文件。如果想要自定义配置，建议向 /etc/mysql/conf.d 目录中创建 .cnf 文件。新建的文件可以任意起名，只要保证后缀名是 cnf 即可。新建的文件中的配置项可以覆盖 /etc/mysql/my.cnf 中的配置项。

具体操作：

首先需要创建将要映射到容器中的目录以及.cnf文件，然后再创建容器

# pwd
/opt
# mkdir -p docker_v/mysql/conf
# cd docker_v/mysql/conf
# touch my.cnf
# docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -v /opt/docker_v/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d imageID
4ec4f56455ea2d6d7251a05b7f308e314051fdad2c26bf3d0f27a9b0c0a71414

命令说明：

-p 3306:3306：将容器的3306端口映射到主机的3306端口
-v /opt/docker_v/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d：将主机/opt/docker_v/mysql/conf目录挂载到容器的/etc/mysql/conf.d
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456：初始化root用户的密码
-d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID
imageID: mysql镜像ID

查看容器运行情况

# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE             COMMAND                   ... PORTS                             NAMES
4ec4f56455ea c73c7527c03a  "docker-entrypoint.sh" ... 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   mysql

docker 安装 mysql 8 版本

# docker 中下载 mysql
docker pull mysql
#启动
docker run --name mysql -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=Lzslov123! -d mysql
#进入容器
docker exec -it mysql bash
#登录mysql
mysql -u root -p
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Lzslov123!';
#添加远程登录用户
CREATE USER 'liaozesong'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'Lzslov123!';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'liaozesong'@'%';